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| The impact of extensive agricultural water drainage on the hydrology of the Kleine Nete watershed, Belgium Yimer, E.A.; Riakhi, F.-E.; Bailey, R.T.; Nossent, J.; Van Griensven, A. (2023). The impact of extensive agricultural water drainage on the hydrology of the Kleine Nete watershed, Belgium. Sci. Total Environ. 885: 163903. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163903
In: Science of the Total Environment. Elsevier: Amsterdam. ISSN 0048-9697; e-ISSN 1879-1026
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Numerical modelling Water management > Hydrology > Physically based models Water management > Risk > Low water strategies Water management > Water quantity > Water system knowledge België, Kleine Nete R. [Marine Regions] |
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| Abstract |
The result suggested that the standalone SWAT+ model poorly represented the stream discharge and attained low NSE values of 0.18 and 0.37 during the calibration and validation periods, respectively. Integrating the gwflow module to SWAT+ improved the model representation of stream discharge (NSE = 0.91 and 0.65 for calibration and validation periods, respectively) and groundwater heads. However, calibrating the model for only streamflow resulted in a high root mean square error (above 1 m) for groundwater head, and the seasonality is not captured. On the other hand, calibrating the coupled model for streamflow and hydraulic head reduced the root mean square error (below 0.5 m) and captured the seasonality of groundwater level fluctuations. Finally, drainage application resulted in a 50 % (from 33.04 mm to 16.59 mm) reduction in groundwater saturation excess flow and an 18.4 mm increment in drainage water to streams. To conclude, the new SWAT+gwflow model is more appropriate than the standalone SWAT+ model for the case study. Furthermore, calibrating the SWAT+gwflow model for streamflow and groundwater head has improved the model simulation, with implications for general coupled models where representing surface and groundwater in the calibration strategy is beneficial. |
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