Formulating wave overtopping at vertical and sloping structures with shallow foreshores using deep-water wave characteristics
Lashley, C.H.; Van der Meer, J.; Bricker, J.D.; Altomare, C.; Suzuki, T.; Hirayama, K. (2021). Formulating wave overtopping at vertical and sloping structures with shallow foreshores using deep-water wave characteristics. J. Waterway Port Coast. Ocean Eng. 147(6): 04021036. https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000675
In: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE): New York, N.Y.. ISSN 0733-950X; e-ISSN 1943-5460, more
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| Keywords |
Coastal protection > Coastal safety against extreme storms > Sea dikes
Literature and desktop study
Numerical modelling
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| Author keywords |
Infragravity waves; Vertical wall; Emergent toe; Dike; Shallow foreshore; Wave transformation; Wave overtopping |
| Authors | | Top |
- Lashley, C.H.
- Van der Meer, J.
- Bricker, J.D.
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- Altomare, C., more
- Suzuki, T., more
- Hirayama, K.
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| Abstract |
The state-of-the-art formulas for mean wave overtopping (q) assessment typically require wave conditions at the toe of the struc ture as input. However, for structures built either on land or in very shallow water, obtaining accurate estimates of wave height and period at the structure toe often proves difficult and requires the use of either physical modeling or high-resolution numerical wave models. Here, we follow Goda’s method to establish an accurate prediction methodology for both vertical and sloping structures based entirely on deep-water characteristics—where the influence of the foreshore is captured by directly incorporating the foreshore slope and the relative water depth at the structure toe (htoe/Hm0,deep). Findings show that q decreases exponentially with htoe/Hm0,deep due to the decrease of the incident wave energy; however, the rate of reduction in q decreases for structures built on land or in extremely shallow water (htoe/Hm0,deep≤ 0.1) due to the increased influence of wave-induced setup and infragravity waves—which act as long-period fluctuations in mean water level—generated by nonlinear wave transformation over the foreshore. |
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