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Diversity and regulation of ATP sulfurylase in photosynthetic organisms
Prioretti, L.; Gontero, B.; Hell, R.; Giordano, M. (2014). Diversity and regulation of ATP sulfurylase in photosynthetic organisms. Front. Plant Sci. 5. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00597
In: Frontiers in Plant Science. Frontiers Media: Lausanne. e-ISSN 1664-462X, more
Peer reviewed article  

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Keywords
    Book/Review
    Marine Sciences
    Marine Sciences > Marine Sciences General
    Scientific Community
    Scientific Publication
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    algae; algal evolution; ATPS; cysteine; redox regulation; sulfurmetabolism

Project Top | Authors 
  • Association of European marine biological laboratories, more

Authors  Top 
  • Prioretti, L.
  • Gontero, B.
  • Hell, R.
  • Giordano, M.

Abstract
    ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) catalyzes the first committed step in the sulfate assimilation pathway, the activation of sulfate prior to its reduction. ATPS has been studied in only a few model organisms and even in these cases to a much smaller extent than the sulfate reduction and cysteine synthesis enzymes. This is possibly because the latter were considered of greater regulatory importance for sulfate assimilation. Recent evidences (reported in this paper) challenge this view and suggest that ATPS may have a crucial regulatory role in sulfate assimilation, at least in algae. In the ensuing text, we summarize the current knowledge on ATPS, with special attention to the processes that control its activity and gene(s) expression in algae. Special attention is given to algae ATPS proteins. The focus on algae is the consequence of the fact that a comprehensive investigation of ATPS revealed that the algal enzymes, especially those that are most likely involved in the pathway of sulfate reduction to cysteine, possess features that are not present in other organisms. Remarkably, algal ATPS proteins show a great diversity of isoforms and a high content of cysteine residues, whose positions are often conserved. According to the occurrence of cysteine residues, the ATPS of eukaryotic algae is closer to that of marine cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus and is more distant from that of freshwater cyanobacteria. These characteristics might have evolved in parallel with the radiation of algae in the oceans and the increase of sulfate concentration in seawater.

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