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Dissolved trace metals in the Ross Sea
Gerringa, L.J.A.; Alderkamp, A.-C.; van Dijken, G.; Laan, P.; Middag, R.; Arrigo, K.R. (2020). Dissolved trace metals in the Ross Sea. Front. Mar. Sci. 7: article 577098. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.577098

Additional data:
In: Frontiers in Marine Science. Frontiers Media: Lausanne. e-ISSN 2296-7745, more
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
Author keywords
    Antarctica; dissolved trace metals; Ross Sea Polynya; bottom nepheloid layer; sea ice melt
Authors  Top 
  • Gerringa, L.J.A., more
  • Alderkamp, A.-C.
  • van Dijken, G.
  • Laan, P., more
  • Middag, R., more
  • Arrigo, K.R.
Abstract

    The dissolved (D) trace metals zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron

    (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), lanthanum (La), yttrium (Y), and lead

    (Pb) were analyzed via ICPMS in samples from the Ross Sea obtained during a cruise

    between 20 December 2013 and 5 January 2014. The concentrations of DZn, DCd,

    DCo, DCu, DFe, DMn, DNi, and DTi were significantly lower in the Antarctic surface

    Water (AASW) compared to the other deeper water masses, indicating biological uptake

    and possibly scavenging. In the AASW, DLa and DY were higher than in Winter Water

    (WW). This can be explained by a spring source from ice melt followed by loss during

    summer and autumn, probably due to passive adsorption. Dissolved Pb was low (16

    pM) and no distinction between water masses was possible. Akin to the macro-nutrients

    nitrate and silicate, the modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) shows elevated DCd

    compared to the shelf water masses. Sea ice melt and ice sheet melt released DZn, DFe,

    DMn, DNi, DY, DLa, and probably DPb into the Ross Sea. However, only DFe, DMn, DY

    and DLa are transported into the Antarctic Circumpolar Current with the outflowing High

    Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW). The bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) released DFe, as well as

    DMn and DCu, into the HSSW whereas lateral transport from land formed a source of

    DMn and DFe. One station in the Ross Sea Polynya was resampled after two weeks,

    during which time the thickness of the BNL increased, with accompanying increases in

    DFe and DMn near the seafloor. In the surface layer nutrients (including micro-nutrients)

    were depleted further. The uptake slopes/stoichiometric ratios of DZn, DCd and DCo

    versus phosphate indicated that the distribution of these metals is related to uptake as

    well as the composition of the phytoplankton community. Estimated stoichiometric ratios

    of Zn and Cd relative to P were higher at a station dominated by Phaeocystis antarctica

    than at diatom-dominated stations, implying a higher utilization of these metals by

    P. antarctica.

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