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Atmospheric iron deposition: global distribution, variability, and human perturbations
Mahowald, N.; Engelstaedter, S.; Luo, C.; Sealy, A.; Artaxo, P.; Benitez-Nelson, C.R.; Bonnet, S.; Chen, Y.; Chuang, P.Y.; Cohen, D.; Dulac, F.; Herut, B.; Johansen, A.M.; Kubilay, N.; Losno, R.; Maenhaut, W.; Paytan, A.; Prospero, J.M.; Shank, L.M.; Siefert, R.L. (2009). Atmospheric iron deposition: global distribution, variability, and human perturbations, in: Carlson, C.A. et al. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 1. Annual Review of Marine Science, 1: pp. 245-278. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163727
In: Carlson, C.A.; Giovannoni, S.J. (Ed.) (2009). Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 1. Annual Review of Marine Science, 1. Annual Reviews: Palo Alto. ISBN 978-0-8243-4501-3. 466 pp., more
In: Annual Review of Marine Science. Annual Reviews: Palo Alto, Calif. ISSN 1941-1405; e-ISSN 1941-0611, more
Peer reviewed article  

Available in  Authors 

Keywords
    Aerosols
    Arid environments > Deserts
    Climate change
    Deposition
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    aerosol deposition; climate change; deserts

Authors  Top 
  • Mahowald, N.
  • Engelstaedter, S.
  • Luo, C.
  • Sealy, A.
  • Artaxo, P.
  • Benitez-Nelson, C.R.
  • Bonnet, S.
  • Chen, Y.
  • Chuang, P.Y.
  • Cohen, D.
  • Dulac, F.
  • Herut, B.
  • Johansen, A.M.
  • Kubilay, N.
  • Losno, R.
  • Maenhaut, W., more
  • Paytan, A.
  • Prospero, J.M.
  • Shank, L.M.
  • Siefert, R.L.

Abstract
    Atmospheric inputs of iron to the open ocean are hypothesized to modulate ocean biogeochemistry. This review presents an integration of available observations of atmospheric iron and iron deposition, and also covers bioavailable iron distributions. Methods for estimating temporal variability in ocean deposition over the recent past are reviewed. Desert dust iron is estimated to represent 95% of the global atmospheric iron cycle, and combustion sources of iron are responsible for the remaining 5%. Humans may be significantly perturbing desert dust (up to 50%). The sources of bioavailable iron ire less well understood than those of iron, partly because we do not know what speciation of the iron is bioavailable. Bioavailable iron can derive from atmospheric processing of relatively insoluble desert dust iron or from direct emissions of soluble iron from combustion sources. These results imply that humans could be substantially impacting it-on and bioavailable iron deposition to ocean regions, but there are large uncertainties in our understanding.

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