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XCO2 retrieval for GOSAT and GOSAT-2 based on the FOCAL algorithm
Noël, S.; Reuter, M.; Buchwitz, M.; Borchardt, J.; Hilker, M.; Bovensmann, H.; Burrows, J.P.; Di Noia, A.; Suto, H.; Yoshida, Y.; Buschmann, M.; Deutscher, N.M.; Feist, D.G.; Griffith, D.W.T.; Hase, F.; Kivi, R.; Morino, I.; Notholt, J.; Ohyama, H.; Petri, C.; Podolske, J.R.; Pollard, D.F.; Sha, M.K.; Shiomi, K.; Sussmann, R.; Té, Y.; Velazco, V.A.; Warneke, T. (2021). XCO2 retrieval for GOSAT and GOSAT-2 based on the FOCAL algorithm. AMT 14(5): 3837-3869. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3837-2021
In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. Copernicus Publications: Oldendorf. ISSN 1867-1381; e-ISSN 1867-8548, more
Peer reviewed article  
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  • Noël, S.
  • Reuter, M.
  • Buchwitz, M.
  • Borchardt, J.
  • Hilker, M.
  • Bovensmann, H.
  • Burrows, J.P.
  • Di Noia, A.
  • Suto, H.
  • Yoshida, Y.
  • Buschmann, M.
  • Deutscher, N.M.
  • Feist, D.G.
  • Griffith, D.W.T.
  • Hase, F.
  • Kivi, R.
  • Morino, I.
  • Notholt, J.
  • Ohyama, H.
  • Petri, C.
  • Podolske, J.R.
  • Pollard, D.F.
  • Sha, M.K., more
  • Shiomi, K.
  • Sussmann, R.
  • Té, Y.
  • Velazco, V.A.
  • Warneke, T.
Abstract

    Since 2009, the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) has performed radiance measurements in the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral region. From February 2019 onward, data from GOSAT-2 have also been available.

    We present the first results from the application of the Fast atmospheric traCe gAs retrievaL (FOCAL) algorithm to derive column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) from GOSAT and GOSAT-2 radiances and their validation. FOCAL was initially developed for OCO-2 XCO2 retrievals and allows simultaneous retrievals of several gases over both land and ocean. Because FOCAL is accurate and numerically very fast, it is currently being considered as a candidate algorithm for the forthcoming European anthropogenic CO2 Monitoring (CO2M) mission to be launched in 2025.

    We present the adaptation of FOCAL to GOSAT and discuss the changes made and GOSAT specific additions. This particularly includes modifications in pre-processing (e.g. cloud detection) and post-processing (bias correction and filtering).

    A feature of the new application of FOCAL to GOSAT and GOSAT-2 is the independent use of both S- and P-polarisation spectra in the retrieval. This is not possible for OCO-2, which measures only one polarisationdirection. Additionally, we make use of GOSAT's wider spectral coverage comparedto OCO-2 and derive not only XCO2, water vapour (H2O), and solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) but also methane (XCH4), with the potential for further atmospheric constituents and parameters like semi-heavy water vapour (HDO). In the case of GOSAT-2, the retrieval of nitrous oxide (XN2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) may also be possible.

    Here, we concentrate on the new FOCAL XCO2 data products. We describe the generation of the products as well as applied filtering and bias correction procedures. GOSAT-FOCAL XCO2 data have been produced for the time interval 2009 to 2019. Comparisons with other independent GOSAT data sets reveal agreement of long-term temporal variations within about1 ppm over 1 decade; differences in seasonal variations of about 0.5 ppm are observed. Furthermore, we obtain a station-to-station bias of the new GOSAT-FOCAL product to the ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) of 0.56 ppm with a mean scatter of 1.89 ppm.

    The GOSAT-2-FOCAL XCO2 product is generated in a similar way as the GOSAT-FOCAL product, but with adapted settings. All GOSAT-2 data until the end of 2019 have been processed. Because of this limited time interval, the GOSAT-2 results are considered to be preliminary only, but first comparisons show that these data compare well with the GOSAT-FOCAL results and also TCCON.

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