A pure culture of alkaliphilic haloarchaeon strain AArc-S^T capable of anaerobic growth by carbohydrate-dependent sulfur respiration was obtained from hypersaline lakes in southwestern Siberia . According to phylogenetic analysis , AArc-S^T formed a new genus level branch most related to the genus Natronoarchaeum in the order Halobacteriales . The strain is facultatively anaerobic with strictly respiratory metabolism growing either by anaerobic respiration with elemental sulfur and thiosulfate as the electron acceptors or by aerobic respiration at microoxic conditions. Thiosulfate is reduced partially to sulfide and sulfite. It is a first sulfur-reducing alkaliphilic haloarchaeon utilizing sugars, starch and glycerol as substrates for anaerobic growth. It is extremely halophilic (optimum at 3.5 M total Na⁺) and obligately alkaliphilic (optimum at pH 9.5). The dominant polar lipids include PG and PGP-Me with the archaeol (C₂₀-C₂₀) or extended archaeol (C₂₀-C₂₅) cores. The dominant respiratory lipoquinone is MK-8:8. On the basis of unique physiological properties and results of phylogenetic analysis, the soda lake isolate is suggested to beclassified into a novel genus and speciesNatranaeroarchaeum sulfidigenes gen. nov., sp. nov. (=JCM 34033 ^T = UNIQEM U1000^T). Furthermore, on the bases of phylogenomic reconstruction, a new family Natronoarchaeaceae fam. nov. isproposed within the order Halobacteriales incorporatingNatranaeroarchaeum and three related genera: Natronoarchaeum, Salinarchaeum and Halostella.