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Spatial heterogeneity in estuarine mud dynamics van der Wal, D.; van Kessel, T.; Eleveld, M.; Vanlede, J. (2010). Spatial heterogeneity in estuarine mud dynamics. Ocean Dynamics 60(3): 519-533. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-010-0271-9 In: Ocean Dynamics. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg; New York. ISSN 1616-7341; e-ISSN 1616-7228

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Beschikbaar in	Auteurs
VLIZ: Open access 220082 [ download pdf ] Waterbouwkundig Laboratorium: Non-open access 212422 [ aanvragen ]

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Trefwoorden

Bed roughness Properties > Surface properties > Roughness > Bed roughness Remote sensing > Geosensing > Satellite sensing Sediments > Cohesive sediments Transport > Sediment transport ANE, Nederland, Westerschelde [Marine Regions] Marien/Kust

Author keywords

Satellite remote sensing; Cohesive sediment transport model; Suspended sediment; Intertidal bed sediment; Bed roughness; Water-bed exchange; Westerschelde

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Auteurs		Top
van der Wal, D. van Kessel, T. Eleveld, M. Vanlede, J., meer

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Abstract

The fate of mud in an estuary over an entire year was unravelled using complementary, independent, spatially explicit techniques. Sequential ERS-2 SAR and Envisat MERIS-FR data were used to derive synoptic changes in intertidal bottom mud and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the top of the water column, respectively. These satellite data were combined with in situ measurements and with a high resolution three-dimensional cohesive sediment model, simulating mud transport, resuspension, settling and deposition under the influence of tides, wind, waves and freshwater discharge. The spatial distribution of both bottom mud and SPM as observed by in situ and satellite techniques was largely explained by modelled estuarine circulation, tidal and wind-induced variations in vertical mixing and horizontal advection. The three data sources also showed similar spring-neap and seasonal variations in SPM (all factor 1.5 to 2), but semi-diurnal tidal variations were underestimated by the model. Satellite data revealed that changes in intertidal bottom mud were spatially heterogeneous, but on average mud content doubled during summer, which was confirmed by in situ data. The model did not show such seasonal variation in bed sediment, suggesting that seasonal dynamics are not well explained by the physical factors presently implemented in the model, but may be largely attributed to other (internal) factors, including increased floc size in summer, temporal stabilisation of the sediment by microphytobenthos and a substantially lower roughness of the intertidal bed in summer as observed by the satellite. The effects of such factors on estuarine mud dynamics were evaluated.

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